State formation and the politics of regime survival
Analyserer årsakene til at noen stater bryter sammen, mens andre er stabile og fremmer økonomisk utvikling.Deltakere
Stein Sundstøl Eriksen
Øyvind Eggen
Prosjektet vil for det første undersøke hvordan et regimes respons på ulike typer sikkerhetstrusler påvirker statsbyggingen. Statsbygging finner ofte sted gjennom voldelige konflikter mellom det styrende regimet og rivaler innenfor og utenfor statens territorium. De to forskerne skiller mellom to typer sikkerhetstrusler. Den første typen er trusler fra andre stater mot staten eller det herskende regimet. Den andre typen er trusler fra rivaler innenfor landets grenser mot regimets kontroll over staten eller dens territorium. Hvordan påvirkes statsbygging av eksterne eller interne sikkerhetstrusler?
For det andre vil forskerne undersøke hvordan et regimes sosiale basis, definert som de grupper som gir aktiv eller passiv støtte til regimet, påvirker statsbyggingen. De definerer regime som de som innehar sentrale politiske posisjoner og kontrollerer statsapparatet. Forutsetter statsbygging at regimets sosiale basis må bestå av sterke sosiale grupper med en egeninteresse i å styrke staten?
Deres hypoteser kan spesifiseres på følgende måte: Etableringen av en sterk stat er mulig hvis det finnes en ekstern sikkerhetstrussel, hvis det finnes en intern klassebasert sikkerhetstrussel og hvis regimet er alliert med en mektig klasse eller gruppe som har en egeninteresse i å etablere en sterk stat, som for eksempel en kapitalistklasse som er økonomisk uavhengig av regimet. Prosjektet er komparativ historisk studie av statsbygging i seks land – tre i Afrika (Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, Kongo/Zaïre, Botswana) og tre i Asia (Malaya/Malaysia, Sør-Vietnam og Sør-Korea).
Finansiering
Norges forskningsråd
Publikasjoner
- Eggen, Øyvind (2011). Doctoral thesis: Dissonance in Development . Ås, Department of International Environment and Development Studies Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 190 sider. In his doctoral thesis, Øyvind Eggen looks into different forms of governance in Malawi and how this is affected by foreign aid.
- Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
(2011). The Possibility of State Formation: the Experience of Botswana in a Theoretical Perspective,
in European Journal of Development Research, no 1, 2011
.Pallgrave MacMillan.s. 444-458.This article examines the process of state formation in Botswana in the light of the major theoretical literature on the issue. It is argued that neither the geopolitical nor the fiscal theories of state formation can explain why the state in Botswana became so strong and effective. An alternative framework is outlined, in which state formation is seen as shaped by the relationship between states, regimes and social groups. The formation of a strong state in Botswana became possible because it was compatible with the interests of the ruling regime (politically as well as economically), and because the ruling regime had sufficient power to carry out a project of state strengthening. [url] - Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
(2011). 'State failure’ in theory and practice: the idea of the state and the contradictions of state formation ,
i Review of International Studies, vol. 37, issue 1
.British International Studies Association (BISA).s. 229-247.This article provides a critique of the discourse of ‘failed states’, and outlines an alternative approach. [url] - Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
(2010). State Formation and the Politics of Regime Survival: Zimbabwe in theoretical perspective,
in Journal of Historical Sociology, no 2, 2010
.Wiley.s. 316-340.This article analyses state formation in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. The main question posed is this: Why has state power eroded so dramatically? To answer this question, the development of the state is analysed in the light of general theories of state formation. In spite of a situation which according to prevailing theories was conducive for the formation of a strong state, Zimbabwe entered a downward spiral, where state power gradually eroded. To explain this, it is necessary to move beyond these theories, and analyse the changing nature of the ruling regime's constituencies. While security threats and sources of revenue are important, their impact on processes of state formation is mediated by the inter-relationship between ruling regimes and their constituencies, which is shaped by society's class structure. [url] - Eggen, Øyvind
(2011). Chiefs and Everyday Governance: Parallel State Organisations in Malawi,
i Journal of Southern African Studies, 37:02
.Routledge.s. 313-331.The combination of direct and indirect rule in Africa during late colonialism created a dual state where, broadly speaking, rural areas were under indirect rule through chiefs while urban areas were subject to direct rule. This article explores the developments that in Malawi have led to a state in which most individuals are exposed to both forms of rule simultaneously. [url] - Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
(2009). The Liberal Peace Is Neither: Peacebuilding, State building and the Reproduction of Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
in International Peacekeeping, Vol. 16, No. 5, November 2009
.Taylor & Francis.s. 652-666.This article discusses the attempts at state-building by international actors in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). [url] - Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
(2010). The Theory of Failure and the Failure of Theory: 'State Failure', the Idea of the State and the Practice of State Building,
in Harpviken, Kristian Berg [ed.], Troubled Regions and Failing States: The Clustering and Contagion of Armed Conflict, Comparative Social Research, Volume 27
.Bingley,Emerald .s. 27-50.This article provides a critique of the discourse of 'failed states' and outlines an alternative approach to studying state formation. [url] - Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl, Kristen Nordhaug
(2006). Politics of survival in the making of weak and strong states,
Forum for Development Studies , nr. 2,
.Oslo,NUPI.s. 237-265.. [url] - Eriksen, Stein Sundstøl
(2012). Regimes, Constituencies and the Politics of State Formation: Zimbabwe and Botswana Compared,
in International Political Science Review June 2012; 33 (3)
.Sage.I denne artikkelen analyserer Stein Sundstøl Eriksen statsdannelsen i Botswana og Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. Han forklarer hvorfor Botswana ble en sterk stat, mens statsmakten i Rhodesia/Zimbabwe har blitt svekket. [url] - Eggen, Øyvind
(2012). Performing good governance: the aesthetics of bureaucratic practice in Malawi,
in Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology (forthcoming)
.Routledge.Artikkelen ser på byråkratisk praksis i Malawi. Den er basert på en case-studie av et statlig program for distribusjon av landbrukssubsidier som bare skal gis til de fattigste bøndene, men hvor landsbyene redistribuerer ressursene etter å ha mottatt dem fra sentrale myndigheter. Øyvind Eggen viser hvordan programmet har verdi selv om de byråkratiske prosedyrene "mislykkes". [url]
