Multinational Experiment 6 (MNE 6) er et stort internasjonalt program for konseptutvikling og eksperimentering innenfor flernasjonale og flerfunksjonelle fredsoperasjoner, som går fra høsten 2008 til høsten 2010. Målet er gjennom eksperimentering å finne gode måter å koordinere og samordne politiske, økonomiske og militære virkemidler i overgangsfasen mellom krig og fred, der det kreves robust fredsbevaring eller bekjempelse av opprørere.
Der en øvelse er en måte å teste om man har lært rutinen eller drillen, i militære avdelinger eller i organisasjoner som driver sivil krisehåndtering, er et eksperiment ikke ment å teste personellet, men snare rutinene. Ved å utvikle en nytt konsept, doktrine eller metode, og så teste dette i et relativt virkelighetsnært scenario (eksperimentere), er målet å kunne bidra til å utvikle modeller som også kan brukes i den virkelige verden.
Denne multinasjonale eksperiment (MNE) serien ble initiert av amerikanske Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) i 2001 med fem partnerland. I MNE 6 har til nå 23 land meldt sin interesse, både i Amerika, Europa og i Asia. Det norske bidraget er underlagt Forsvarets informasjonsinfrastruktur (INI) og inkluderer for uten NUPI, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt FFI, og Forsvarets Stabsskole (FSTS).
En av hovedoppgavene for NUPIs avdeling for sikkerhet og krisehåndtering er å bidra til bedre forståelse mellom sivile og militære tilnærminger til krisehåndteringsoperasjoner. NUPIs engasjement i MNE 6 har dermed to siktemål. For det første å bidra til økt kunnskap blant sivile og militære aktører i robuste fredsoperasjoner om hverandres arbeidsmetoder og begrepsapparat. For det andre å kartlegge og identifisere områder der for sivile og militære aktører har størst potensial for å samkjøre sine aktiviteter, det være seg i strategisk eller operativ planlegging, implementering eller evaluering.
- de Coning, Cedric H., John Karlsrud, Ingrid Marie Breidlid
(2013). Turning to the South: Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict,
in Global Governance 19 (2013)
.Boulder, Colorado,Lynne Rienner Publishers.s. 135-152.The article argues that UN civilian capacity reform initiatives must overcome the bureaucratic tendency of looking at how to improve and expand the current system, and turn to emerging external service providers, particularly in the South. While the UN should continue to have a core staff for peacekeeping and peacebuilding purposes, it should to a much larger degree use local and regional capacities, and only resort to international capacity as a last resort. This should also be a dictum for the World Bank, EU, AU and member states engaged in supporting states in the aftermath of conflict. The article reviews the reform efforts so far and gives tangible recommendations for how the UN, regional organizations and member states should take the reform initiatives forward. [url] - de Carvalho, Benjamin , Ole Jacob Sending
(2013). Introduction: A Concern with Protection,
in Benjamin de Carvalho and Ole Jacob Sending (eds.) The Protection of Civilians in UN Peacekeeping: Concept, Implementation and Practice.
.Baden-Baden,Nomos.s. 17-23.The authors argue that we have witnessed the emergence of a new discourse on the protection of civilians over the past decade. Grounded in the practice of peacekeeping in UN missions, this discourse and evolving norms has sought to distance itself from the rather rigid understanding of protection of civilians as understood in International Humanitarian Law, focusing instead on practical challenges on the ground. [url] - Lie, Jon Harald Sande, Benjamin de Carvalho
(2013). Conceptual Unclarity and Competition: The Protection of Civilians and the Responsibility to Protect,
in Benjamin de Carvalho and Ole Jacob Sending (eds.) The Protection of Civilians in UN Peacekeeping: Concept, Implementation and Practice.
.Baden-Baden,Nomos.s. 47-62.The Protection of Civilians and the Responsibility to Protect are confused both in policy discourse and by more analytically minded scholars. Such a conflation, the authors argue, is misleading and may lead to a loss of legitimacy for PoC – which would, over time, be detrimental to UN missions’ ability to protect civilians in practice. [url] - Schia, Niels Nagelhus, Benjamin de Carvalho,
(2013). Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and the Rule of Law in Liberia,
in Benjamin de Carvalho and Ole Jacob Sending (eds.) The Protection of Civilians in UN Peacekeeping: Concept, Implementation and Practice.
.Baden-Baden,Nomos. [url] - de Carvalho, Benjamin , Ole Jacob Sending [red.] (2013). The Protection of Civilians in UN Peacekeeping: Concept, Implementation and Practice. Baden-Baden, Nomos. 206 sider. This edited volume explores the Protection of Civilians (PoC) and offers comparisons and in-depth studies of protection mandates in UN peacekeeping missions in Africa. The book seeks to show that however PoC is defined at headquarters level, successful implementation must rest on an understanding of the limits and challenges encountered in mission, on the ground.
- de Coning, Cedric H., Walter Lotze
(2013). South Africa,
in Alex J. Bellamy and Paul D. Williams (eds.) Providing Peacekeepers: The Politics, Challenges, and Future of United Nations Peacekeeping Contribution s.
.Oxford,Oxford University Press.This chapter is one of sixteen country studies in the book, and it examines why South Africa contributes peacekeepers, the factors that inhibit contributions, and ways in which the UN might strengthen its capacity to secure more and better peacekeepers. [url] - Sverdrup, Ulf , Joakim Hertzberg Ulstein, Mikkel Frøsig Pedersen, Halvard Leira, Ståle Ulriksen (2013). Norske interesser - sett fra utestasjonene. Oslo, NUPI. 43 sider. Denne rapporten analyserer interesseberetninger fra 87 norske ambassader og generalkonsulater og gir et bilde av hvordan utestasjonene prioriterer og definerer norske interesser.
- de Coning, Cedric H.
(2013). Understanding Peacebuilding as Essentially Local,
in Stability 2 (1).
Self-sustainable peace is directly linked to, and influenced by, the extent to which a society has the capacity and space to self-regulate. The robustness and resilience of the self-organising capacity of a society determines the extent to which it can withstand pressures and shocks that risk a (re)lapse into violent conflict. Peacebuilding should be about safeguarding, stimulating, facilitating and creating the space for societies to develop robust and resilient capacities for self-organisation. The art of peacebuilding thus lies in pursuing the appropriate balance between international support and home-grown context-specific solutions.
.Ubiquity Press. [url] - de Coning, Cedric H. (2012). Complexity, Peacebuilding and Coherence. Stellenbosch, University of Stellenbosch. 368 sider. Cedric de Coning's phd dissertation explores the utility of using Complexity studies to improve our understanding of peacebuilding and the coherence dilemma, which is regarded as one of the most significant problems facing peacebuilding interventions.
- de Coning, Cedric H., Paul Keating (2012). CivCap Network Annual Seminar 2012. Brasilia, Civilian Capacity Network. 19 sider. This report provides an overview of discussions during the 2012 Civilian Capacity Network seminar, organized by NUPI and Igarapé Institute.