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  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Vietnam: Six Ways to Keep Up the Renewable Energy Investment Success

    2020
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Vietnam is one of the most attractive destinations for renewable energy investment in ASEAN. In 2018, the country attracted USD 5.2 billion. In 2019, the share of renewable energy in the energy mix was 9%, thus already exceeding the 7% target set for 2020. If Vietnam is to continue its success and compete...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Thailand: Improving the Business Climate for Renewable Energy Investment

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Thailand er ledende på fornybar energi blant ASEAN-landene. Fra 2006 til 2018 tiltrakk Thailand seg mer enn 10,7 milliarder USD i investeringer i fornybar energi. Landets kapasitet for fornybar energi utgjorde i 2019 over 60% av den totale kapasiteten i ASEAN-området. Fornybare energikilder utgjorde...
  • Publikasjon : Academic article

    Sharing the Spoils: Winners and Losers in the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    Denne artikkelen analyserer virkningen av Kinas BRI på forskjellige økonomiske aktører in Myanmar. Den hypotiserer at BRI kan føre til store endringer, fordi kinesiske prosjekter vil endre Myanmars økonomi på mange måter. Artikkelen drøfter også hvordan BRI kan endre konflikt-dynamikker i Myanmar
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Singapore: How to Attract More Investment in Renewable Energy?

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Singapore has limited renewable energy potential due to its small surface area and the limited space available. Solar power has the greatest potential. Given the country’s limited spare land, rooftops and vertical spaces on high-rise buildings are of particular importance. Singapore set a target of producing...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    The Philippines: How to Leapfrog from a Complicated Renewable Energy Sector to an Attractive One

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    The Philippines set the target of increasing the share of renewable energy in its energy mix from 16.9% in 2019 to 26.9% by 2030. This ambitious target requires significant additional investment in renewable energy. It has been estimated that the Philippines could attract USD 20 billion in renewable...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Myanmar: How to Become an Attractive Destination for Renewable Energy Investment?

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Myanmar is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, and its solar potential is the greatest in the Greater Mekong Subregion – yet, this potential remains largely untapped. The country’s 50% electrification rate remains the lowest in ASEAN, and the government plans to electrify the entire country...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Malaysia: How to Scale Up Investment in Renewable Energy

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Malaysia set a target of 20% renewables in the energy mix by 2025, an 18% increase from the 2% it had in 2018. One of the planned measures is the development of large-scale solar power. To reach the target, it will be necessary to attract a total of USD 8 billion of renewable energy investment during...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy?

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Lao PDR adopted the Renewable Energy Development Strategy in 2011 and set a target of 30% small-scale renewables in the energy mix by 2025. The country relies heavily on large hydropower in electricity production and is an attractive investment destination for hydropower. At the same time, Lao PDR has...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Indonesia: How to Boost Investment in Renewable Energy

    2020
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Indonesia, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has considerable renewable energy potential. However, this potential remains largely underexploited. Fossil fuel subsidies are a major obstacle to the deployment of renewable energy on a large scale. Investment in renewable energy is limited compared...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Cambodia: Five Actions to Improve the Business Climate for Renewable Energy Investment

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Cambodia has not attracted significant investment in renewable energy until mid-2020 and, unlike other ASEAN countries, has not set exact renewable energy targets. Despite this, the country is viewed as a model to learn from for other ASEAN countries implementing solar power auctions. In order to keep...
  • Publikasjon : Rapport

    Brunei Darussalam: How to Build an Investment Climate for Renewable Energy?

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
      • Haakon Fossum Sagbakken
    Brunei Darussalam has yet to make major progress in renewable energy and become an attractive destination for investors. Only 0.05% of Brunei’s electricity came from renewable energy sources, while 99.95% was based on fossil fuels. In 2014, the country set a renewable energy target of 10% in the power...
  • Publikasjon : Academic article

    Renewable energy and geopolitics: A review

    2020
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    Denne artikkelen gir oversikt over faglitteraturen om fornybar energi og geopolitikk. Den finner at litteraturen strekker seg bakover helt til 1970-tallet. Følgende konklusjoner distillieres fra litteraturen: fornybar energi har mange fordeler over fossil energi for internasjonal sikkerhet og fred; men...
  • Publikasjon : Academic article

    The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition

    2019
      • Indra Øverland
      • Talgat Ilimbek Uulu
      • Roman Vakulchuk
    This article presents the GeGaLo index of geopolitical gains and losses that 156 countries may experience after a full-scale transition to renewable energy. The following indicators are considered for inclusion in the index: fossil fuel production, fossil fuel reserves, renewable energy resources, governance,...
  • Publikasjon : Artikkel

    Pathways that Changed Myanmar

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
    Matthew Mullen’s book provides an impressively detailed and systematic account of how ordinary citizens in Myanmar pursued various pathways to bring about change in a conflict-prone country that was experiencing deep economic stagnation and where polarization in society had been maintained by military...
  • Publikasjon : Central Asia Data-Gathering and Analysis Team (CADGAT)

    BRI in Central Asia: Agriculture and Food Projects

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    This data article looks at Chinese investment in agriculture and food production in Central Asia. It shows that the agricultural sector projects have low priority within the Belt and Road Initiative. Kazakhstan is the biggest recipient of Chinese investment in agriculture and food projects in Central...
  • Publikasjon : Central Asia Data-Gathering and Analysis Team (CADGAT)

    BRI in Central Asia: Rail and Road Connectivity Projects

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    This data article shows that most of the rail and road projects in which the Chinese are involved in Central Asia are implemented within the territories of individual countries and thus are still poorly linked with each other. However, these internal transport routes are expected to eventually form the...
  • Publikasjon : Central Asia Data-Gathering and Analysis Team (CADGAT)

    Renewable Energy Policies of the Central Asian Countries

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    This data article surveys the government policies in support of renewable energy in the five Central Asian republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It begins by providing general information and key energy statistics for these countries. It then presents comparative...
  • Publikasjon : Central Asia Data-Gathering and Analysis Team (CADGAT)

    BRI in Central Asia: Mineral and Petroleum Exploration, Extraction and Processing Projects

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    Mineral resources is the sector that receives most Chinese investment in Central Asia. China and its Central Asian partners pursue both strategic and commercial goals by promoting projects in the minerals sector. Kazakhstan hosts the largest number of projects and receives the largest amount of Chinese...
  • Publikasjon : Central Asia Data-Gathering and Analysis Team (CADGAT)

    Solar Power Potential of the Central Asian Countries

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    This data compilation surveys the solar energy potential of the five Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It also provides data on installed and planned solar power capacity in these countries.
  • Publikasjon : Central Asia Data-Gathering and Analysis Team (CADGAT)

    BRI in Central Asia: Finance and IT Projects

    2019
      • Roman Vakulchuk
      • Indra Øverland
    China and its Central Asian counterparts pursue finance and IT projects for both commercial and strategic reasons. As this data article shows, transparency is limited and exact information on the size of their investments is only partly available. In the financial sector, China cooperates most closely...
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