Explaining Russian reactions to increased NATO military presence

Helt siden NATOs utvidelsesprosess begynte, har Russland uttrykt bekymring for følger en større NATO tilstedeværelse nær den russiske grensen kunne få for landets sikkerhet. Undertegnelsen av avtalen som regulerte relasjoner mellom NATO og Russland i 1997 bidro til å avklare situasjonen, men forholdet...

Introduction: The EU and the Changing (Geo)Politics of Energy in Europe

This introductory chapter has three purposes. First, it presents the background for this volume originating in a research project on European integration funded by the Research Council of Norway (RCN). Second, it explains why EU energy policy in this context deserves closer scrutiny looking at energy...

The risks of being an ally

States join security alliances to increase their level of security vis-à-vis neighbours that may pose a threat. The deterrence logic that was the main rationale for joining NATO in 1949 still represents the cornerstone of Norway’s security policy. However, belonging to a military alliance can also pose...

Conclusions: What Has the EU Achieved, and What Is in the Offing?

This chapter sums up the main findings and looks into challenges the EU will face in the future. This volume examines and addresses several questions dealing with the EU ability to project various types of soft and hard power in EU’s interaction with external energy suppliers and member states and their...

New Political Economy of Energy in Europe. Power to Project, Power to Adapt

This edited collection details and analyses the dramatic changes that the international political economy of energy has undergone in the past decade. This change began with the increasing assertiveness of Russia when the oil price rose above the $100 mark in 2008. This, combined with the rise of shale...

Channels of Influence or How Non-Members Can Influence EU Energy Policy

External suppliers of energy interested in access to EU energy market use various instruments to influence the process of energy policy-making and promote their interests. This chapter examines how those external suppliers are present in Brussels, their interests in energy policy, the formal and informal...

Polen mellom fortid, notid og framtid

2015 markerer eit viktig skilje i Polens nyare historie. For fyrste gong etter den store politiske omveltinga i 1989 fekk landet ei rein fleirtalsregjering og ein president frå same politiske parti.

Changing representations of Poles in Norway: what can this mean for the future of Polish diaspora?

The aim of this chapter was to examine how the perception of Polish migrants had evolved in Norway in a longer historical perspective and how this evolution of perceptions may influence the situation of the Polish diaspora in Norway. The study is based on the analysis of the content of Norwegian media...

How to understand and deal with Russian strategic communication measures?

Russia’s use of communicative tools to promote the country’s strategic objectives in the aftermath of the 2014 crisis in Ukraine has posed a new strategic challenge to the Western policy-making community. NATO, the EU and national authorities have become increasingly aware of this new challenge, and...

Nordic-Baltic Security in Times of Uncertainty: The Defence-Energy Nexus

The report shows that energy and defence in the Nordic-Baltic region are closely interrelated. During the Cold War, the energy cooperation of Western European countries with the USSR was seen as an element of strengthening the status quo and reducing the risk of conflict. In the new strategic situation,...

Energia i obronność w regionie Nordycko-Bałtyckim