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Democratic backsliding, illiberal regimes and international cooperation under pressure
Podcast

Democratic backsliding, illiberal regimes and international cooperation under pressure

The international system faces its gravest crisis in decades. As global democracy retreats, authoritarian regimes actively challenge established i...

  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Globalisation
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The Middle East and North Africa
  • North America
  • Conflict
  • United Nations
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Globalisation
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The Middle East and North Africa
  • North America
  • Conflict
  • United Nations
Publications
Publications
Scientific article

Sixty years of Nordic International Relations

In this contribution, the editors introduce the 60th anniversary Special Issue of Cooperation and Conflict . Emerging during the early Cold War, Cooperation and Conflict has over the years come to provide a forum for broad and pluralist theorizing within the discipline of International Relations (IR). The contributions in this Special Issue reflect on these intellectual trajectories, tracing how Nordic scholarship has simultaneously shaped and been shaped by global theoretical debates, underscoring the journal’s role as a pluralist and reflexive site of inquiry. At the same time, togther, shey showcase the breadth and scope of Nordic IR today, as well as changing notions of Nordic cooperation and the meaning of ‘Nordic’.

  • The Nordic countries
  • Historical IR
  • Foreign policy
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  • The Nordic countries
  • Historical IR
  • Foreign policy
Event
11:00 - 12:15 Europe/Oslo
NUPI, Rosenkrantz' gate 22, 0160 OSLO
Engelsk
Event
11:00 - 12:15 Europe/Oslo
NUPI, Rosenkrantz' gate 22, 0160 OSLO
Engelsk
17. Dec 2025
Event
11:00 - 12:15 Europe/Oslo
NUPI, Rosenkrantz' gate 22, 0160 OSLO
Engelsk

Book launch: America’s Middle East

NUPI invites you to a book launch with Marc Lynch and his new book America’s Middle East: The Ruination of a Region.

Publications
Publications
Report
John Karlsrud, Karsten Friis, Ole Martin Stormoen, Olav Slettebø, Erlend Bjørtvedt

To scenarier for krigen i Ukraina: Hva betyr de for Europa – og hva vil det koste?

Russlands ulovlige angrepskrig i Ukraina har pågått siden 2014, og har ført til store menneskelige og økonomiske tap. Denne studien undersøker de materielle og økonomiske kostnadene for Europa og Norge dersom Russland vinner fram med sin krigføring, versus en situasjon hvor Ukraina igjen bringes på offensiven og tvinger Russland til fredsslutning. Vi tror ikke på noe gjennombrudd for president Trumps forsøk på forhandlinger og en diplomatisk løsning på krigen i Ukraina. Russland har ikke vist reell vilje til kompromiss, og fremsetter fortsatt sine maksimumskrav, som i praksis betyr ukrainsk underkastelse. Krigen vil derfor trolig fortsette som en utmattelseskrig, der de to landenes økonomiske utvikling, og utviklingen ved fronten, vil avgjøre utfallet. Denne rapporten skisserer to mulige scenarier for den videre utvikling i krigen, hvordan de kan bli realisert, og hvilke konsekvenser de kan ha for europeisk sikkerhet og forsvarsbehov. Rapporten sikter mot å illustrere for norske beslutningstakere hvilke grunnleggende økonomiske og sikkerhetspolitiske valg den russiske angrepskrigen i Ukraina utløser, og hvordan ulike utfall i krigen kan påvirke våre egne sikkerhetsbehov og forsvarsutgifter. Situasjonen stiller Europa overfor krav til resolutt handling. Hovedspørsmålene vi stiller i rapporten er hva som skal til for at Russland eller Ukraina seirer militært: Hva koster det Europa og allierte i økt forsvarsinnsats dersom Russland seirer eller lykkes å nøytralisere Ukraina militært og politisk (Scenario 1), og hvilken kostnad det har å gjøre Ukraina i stand til å motstå russiske angrep og gjenvinne muligheten til begrensede motoffensiver (Scenario 2). Rapporten er skrevet av ledende eksperter innen sikkerhetspolitikk, militær doktrine og økonomi. Forfatternes tilknyttede institusjoner er ikke ansvarlige for innholdet, det er forfatterne selv som er ansvarlige for analysen og konklusjonene i rapporten.

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The EU
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  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The EU
Publications
Publications
Op-ed

Time and Compromise in UNCITRAL’s Working Group III

In multilateral negotiations, time has a tangible effect on the flow and conduct of deliberations. As negotiating deadlines approach, time becomes a tool of pressure, one used to induce compromise or force closure. In this blogpost, published with the European Journal of International Law, we explore how this time-compromise dynamic plays out in the ongoing negotiations to reform investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in the UN’s trade law body.

  • Diplomacy
  • United Nations
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  • Diplomacy
  • United Nations
Publications
Publications
Chapter

Norwegian Russia policy in times of war: Hidden but unavoidable dilemmas

This chapter is a part of the book 'Dilemmaer i norsk utenrikspolitikk'. The book is in Norwegian only.

  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The Nordic countries
  • Conflict
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  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The Nordic countries
  • Conflict
Publications
Publications
Scientific article

Proxy Games and Freezing Conflict: Trilateral Identifications, Fear, and Agency in Russia-Georgia Relations Post-Crimea

This article argues that conflicts can be frozen through engagement in mutual trilateral identification games that marginalize lower-level political entities while elevating their danger through identification with threatening third-party Others. Drawing on and broadening the literature on national identity discourse, securitization, and foreign policy, the article theorizes and investigates trilateral identifications and combines two sets of such Self/Other/Other representations as they emerge in official language between two political entities over time. It analyzes relations between Russia and Georgia in the period following the onset of the conflict in Ukraine in 2014, after which Moscow intensified its activities in the post-Soviet space with reference to Western encroachment in its so-called “near abroad.” While Russia re-emphasized Georgia as a Proxy of the threatening “West,” Georgia reduced the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia to Proxies of Putin’s “expansionist Russia.” These evolving mutual identifications of Self and Other(s) not only rendered policy practices of diplomacy and negotiation less reasonable, but they also contributed to freezing conflict by removing the agency to act and compromise at the imagined negotiating table from the Proxy to the alleged “real” third-party Other.

  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Asia
  • Conflict
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  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Asia
  • Conflict
Publications
Publications
Scientific article

Towards a Postliberal Global Order? The Crises of the Liberal West

This article is in Norwegian. The article discusses the weakened position of the liberal West in global governance, and the significance of Trump’s USA in this landscape. The first part of the article outlines three central ideological and geopolitical developments related to global order that run counter to the dominant dichotomies between the West and the non-West, democracies and autocracies. Although the world is changing, and the post-1989 form of liberal hegemony is in significant reverse, global politics will not become post-liberal any time soon. The second part discusses how the Western self-image as a unified liberal «us» has unraveled throughout the 2000s. First, Western states have systematically undermined some of the values and institutions they have claimed to represent. The gap between self-image and reality, in parallel with extensive outward moralization, has created a significant legitimacy crisis for the West. Second, the far right has become a central part of the Western political landscape. The new transatlantic community of values under Trump is not liberal, but radical right-wing. The tensions within the community of shared values will be there regardless of who’s in power in the USA. The conclusion is that it is no longer possible to talk about a unified Western liberal «us». Continuing to insist on it will only further strengthen the West’s internal and external tensions.

  • Globalisation
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • North America
  • Governance
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  • Globalisation
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • North America
  • Governance
Publications
Publications
Book

Fellesskap i fare

Norge og Europa i en ny verdensorden. Hvordan skal det gå med Europa når måten verden virker på endrer seg totalt? De siste årene har europeiske politikere hatt hendene fulle med å samle støtte til Ukrainas krig mot Russland. I mellomtiden går stormaktene rundt oss bort fra samarbeid, og mot rivalisering og konkurranse. For EU er det heller ikke mye hjelp å hente fra Donald Trumps USA. Den liberale orden som har bidratt til dyp fred i Europa forvitrer for hver dag som går, også støttet av reaksjonære krefter innad. Alt dette fører til at Europa og EU nå konsentrerer seg mest om ett politisk spørsmål: sikkerhet. Men kan EU bli en fullstendig sikkerhetsorientert union og samtidig forsvare sine grunnleggende verdier – demokrati, menneskeverd og frihet? Hvordan kan disse verdiene stå seg i møte med all verdens sikkerhetsutfordringer? Og hvordan kan Norge som et europeisk land utenfor EU manøvrere i den nye verden som vokser frem? Øyvind Svendsen, seniorforsker ved Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt (NUPI), skildrer noen av vår tids største utfordringer på en lett og konsis måte.

  • Trade
  • Globalisation
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Conflict
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  • Trade
  • Globalisation
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Conflict
Erik  Skare
Researchers

Erik Skare

Senior Research Fellow

Erik Skare (PhD) is a senior researcher and historian based at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). He specializes on Palestin...

  • Security policy
  • Terrorism and extremism
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • The Middle East and North Africa
  • Conflict
  • Nation-building
  • Nationalism
  • Insurgencies
  • Security policy
  • Terrorism and extremism
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • The Middle East and North Africa
  • Conflict
  • Nation-building
  • Nationalism
  • Insurgencies
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