Police Reform and Community Policing in Kenya: The Bumpy Road from Policy to Practice
A reform is underway in Kenya, aimed at transforming the police organization into a people- centred police service. Among other things, this involves enhancing police-public trust and partnerships through community policing (COP). Two state-initiated COP models have been implemented: the National Police Service’s Community Policing Structure, and the Nyumba Kumi model of the President’s Office. On paper, police reform and the two COP models would appear to have the potential to improve police-public cooperation. In practice, however, implementation has proven difficult. Interviews and meetings with local community organizations, community representatives and police officers in urban and rural parts of Kenya indicate that scepticism towards the two COP models is common, as is refusal to engage in them. But why is this so? Why are these two COP models unsuccessful in enhancing police-public trust and cooperation? This article analyses how various contextual factors—such as conflicting socio-economic and political interests at the community and national levels, institutional challenges within the police, the overall role and mandate of the police in Kenya, and a top-down approach to COP—impede the intended police paradigm shift.
A Comprehensive Strategy EU Strategy for Africa Political Dialogue: Governance, Security and Migration
Much has changed since the creation of the Joint Africa-European Union (EU) Strategy in 2007. The developing world has been changing fast. Development policy and practices are also transforming, albeit at a slower pace. The divide between emerging economies and ‘fragile states’ is increasing. This is also the case in Africa. As not only Africa, but also the EU-Africa relationship is changing and evolving into new dimensions, there is clearly a need to develop a new European strategy, constructed on the basis of an emerging continent. Africa is home to the youngest population in the world and some of the world’s most fragile states. However, it is also a continent with emerging markets and more effective governments. This brief aims to clarify how well the new Strategy must manage to mainstream a European approach to Africa that considers both the inter-continental dialogue and the diversity of development on this emerging continent within the fields of governance, security and migration. As the COVID-19 has turned into a pandemic, the brief also suggests that the new European strategy must reflect this development and the European Parliament should closely monitor the situation as it discusses the Strategy.
Hvilke utfordringer står totalforsvaret overfor mtp å stå rustet til å møte morgendagens digitale utfordringer og trusselbilde?
Closing conference debate about cybersecurity in context of the total defence system.
Etterretningstjenestene og det nye trusselbildet: Er de beredt?
The current international situation places far higher demands on coordination, cooperation and interaction between the services than before. At the same time, there have been, and are, a number of different challenges associated with collaboration between PST and Norway's military intelligence. These are based on a number of different factors, such as resources, mandate, organization and culture. The authors propose a number of reforms that build on the current model, but which they believe will solve the current challenges.
United Nations peace operations and International Relations theory: An introduction
International Relations (IR) theories may seem abstract and arcane. With this book, we want to dispel this stereotype. The contributors to this volume demonstrate how IR theories can be applied to a very practical problem: UN peace operations, 1 one of the main instruments of international conflict management. Besides peace operations, the chapters shed light on many other aspects of international affairs, such as multilateral co-operation, the role of international bureaucracies, and evolution and contestation of norms. At the same time, the reader whose interest in the volume has been sparked by its thematic focus will find state-of-the-art research on the main issues affecting UN peace operations, ranging from the impact of rising powers to a widening space for individual initiative.
Rethinking Arctic Governance
New perspectives on power in Arctic governance - interview and book talk about 'Arctic Governance: Power in cross-border cooperation' (Manchester University Press, 2018). Podcast and transcript.
Doing fieldwork in areas of Interntional intervention: a guide to research in violent and closed contexts
Using detailed insights from those with first-hand experience of conducting research in areas of international intervention and conflict, this antology provides essensial practical guidance for researchers and students embarking on fieldwork in violent, repressive and closed contexts. Coverning issues of control and confusion, security and risk, distance and closeness, and sex and sensitivity, the chapters discuss how to negotiate complex grey areas and raise important questions that researchers need to consider before, during and after their time on the ground.