Lars H. Gulbrandsen
Lars H. Gulbrandsen er assisterende direktør og forskningsleder for klima og energi ved Fridtjof Nansens Institutt. Hans forskningsinteresser er g...
Critical Raw Materials: Interests of China and the European Union in the Arctic
In this Essay, we examine a potential avenue of future contestation in the Arctic – namely, the development of critical raw materials (CRMs) – with a particular focus on two actors with a growing interest in exploiting those materials in the Arctic region: China and the European Union (EU). CRMs increasingly play an essential role in the geopolitics of the global energy transition. In comes the Arctic region – a broad geographic area encompassing eight States that is rich in critical minerals, such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and REEs. However, mining in the Arctic poses significant risks, particularly to the region’s fragile ecosystem, and would require significant investments, often also involving public-private partnerships. And yet, as demand for critical minerals grows, the Arctic’s role in the global supply chain will likely become more prominent, particularly from a Chinese and EU perspective. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 marked a watershed in relations between the West and the Russian Federation, including in the Arctic region. Once hailed as an exceptional space of regional governance, cooperation and peaceful co-existence between the Arctic States, that notion lost meaning over the past two – almost three – years.
Andreas Raspotnik
Andreas Raspotnik conducts research on the European Union’s policies and interests in the Arctic, with a particular emphasis on EU foreign and sec...
Anna Lisa Ahlers
Anna Lisa Ahlers is a sinologist and political scientist, and Professor II of China Studies at the Department of Culture, Religion, Asian and Midd...
A normative China and a geopolitical Europe – have the roles been reversed?
NUPI invites you to a seminar with Professor Reuben Wong on China in the new geopolitical era.
Stuxnet, revisited (again): Producing the strategic relevance of cyber operations
More than a decade after Stuxnet hit the Natanz uranium enrichment facility in Iran, it is still discussed as the most vivid example of a cyber operation causing kinetic damage to infrastructure with implications for national security. This article shows that Stuxnet is due a revisit by arguing that the operation represents a paradigmatic shift in perceptions that continue to produce the meaning of ‘strategic relevance’ for cyber operations. The exceptional story of Operation Olympic Games and the Stuxnet malware has underpinned the way contemporary understandings of the (potential) role of cyber operations in international conflict prevail. Through a critical review of academic and policy discourse largely driven by orthodox perspectives on strategic security, the article demonstrates how these perspectives continue to influence American and Western policy objectives based on the imagined utility of cyber operations as an instrument of power. When exploring the strategic relevance of cyber operations as historically and politically produced, tied up in discursive and material interactions, it allows for scholars across the spectrum of security studies to critically consider the emergence of ‘new’ security threats and strategic capabilities.
Tempo og effektivitet i Norges støtte til Ukraina
Norge skal i 2025 gi 72,5 milliarder kroner i militær støtte til Ukraina. Med denne økningen er Norge helt i toppen blant landene som gir støtte til Ukraina, som andel av BNP. Men hvor mye penger Norge bruker på støtte til Ukraina er kun én side av saken. Et annet spørsmål er om norske myndigheter klarer å bruke disse pengene raskt nok og på en måte som setter Ukraina i stand til å forsvare seg mest mulig effektivt. Denne policy briefen identifiserer ukrainske behov, norske begrensinger og gir innspill til hvordan Norge kan lykkes best mulig med å bidra til økt ukrainsk kampkraft.
Alf Håkon Hoel
Alf Håkon Hoel is professor of ocean law and policy at the Norwegian College of Fisheries Science at the UiT – the Arctic University of Norway. He...
Polish-Norwegian Perceptions and Interactions
This working paper which is one of deliverables of the NORPOLFACTOR project maps mutual perceptions of Poland in Norway and Norway in Poland, the basic ideas informing their approaches to security-related challenges caused by their location in Russia’s neighbourhood as well as what could be termed as areas of cooperation and points of contention in their cooperation on addressing various security related challenges in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine.
Norway and Romania: Navigating Information Warfare
The study „Norway and Romania: Navigating Information Warfare” explores the use of disinformation, propaganda, and interference to manipulate public discourse amid the Ukraine war. It discusses how these tactics exploit historical and border sensitivities to delegitimize Ukraine and distract from the global economic impacts of Russian aggression. The research highlights how such strategies shift blame and reshape international perceptions favorably towards Russia. The study analyzes how Russian political warfare manifests itself in both Norway and Romania, dwelling on the particularities of each country. This study is one of deliverables of the FLANKS II project conducted jointly by New Strategy Center in Romania and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) in Oslo.