Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Iraq
• Increasing temperatures, decreasing water availability and greater inter-annual variability in rainfall negatively affect agriculture, reduce household income and food availability, and exacerbate livelihood insecurity. Women and girls are disproportionately affected by the adverse effects of climate change, due to pre-existing gender norms and persisting inequalities. • Low agriculture yields and loss of livelihoods contribute to increased urban migration, with urban challenges including the risk of social unrest and protests in host cities. • Armed groups and militias leverage the economic hardships, further exacerbated by the compounding effects of climate change, for recruitment and support. Weak governance increases the opportunities for elite exploitation and corruption, which leads to further marginalization and exclusion that feed grievances and drive instability.
The value of diplomatic history in a changing world
This chapter argues for the value of a careful reading of diplomatic history in approaching our changing world. Diplomatic history does not hold unambiguous and clear lessons or analogies, but can alert us to both contingency and the existence of different developmental trajectories.
Når oppdrettslaksen utkonkurrerer norske demokratiske verdier
About Norwegian-Chinese sports cooperation.
5G-sikkerhet: Norge mellom stormaktene
The chapter discusses how 5G became a security issue, and how Norway has navigated
Energy Transition and Central Asia
The OSCE Academy, NUPI and EUCAM are happy to welcome you to an open workshop on new research on critical minerals in the Central Asia, and what role such minerals play in the energy transition.