Ukraine: The battle beyond war
Ukraine is fighting for survival against Russia while its democracy faces a second battle at home. Ukrainians show extraordinary trust in the Arme...
A Rearmed Germany?
Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and amid broader changes in the European security landscape, Germany is rearming. How will this monumental change unfold? And what will it mean for European security?
Diplomacy in the age of expertise: the case of cyber diplomacy
This article examines the role of expertise in the emergence and evolution of new diplomatic issue areas. Contemporary diplomatic practice increasingly requires coordination across knowledge domains. Nowhere is this more evident than in issues involving fast evolving technology, such as artificial intelligence or cyber issues. Examining the case of cyber diplomacy, the authors show how diplomats have adapted to these concerns. Contrary to claims that growing demands for issue-specific expertise erode the traditional diplomatic monopoly over authoritative knowledge, the article shows that traditional diplomats have expanded their role. Rather being displaced by technical experts, diplomats act as key points of passage through which knowledge enters the diplomatic arena. Their ability to mediate between competing knowledge claims is becoming a defining feature of diplomatic practice in complex issue areas. The authors further demonstrate how early framings of cyber diplomacy produced lasting effects diplomatic practice, prioritizing great power politics and skewing debates towards the international security dimensions of cyber issues. The article thus contributes to diplomatic studies by showcasing how early issue framings institutionalize particular practices and constrain adaptation over time, offering broader insights into the tensions between institutional stability and technological change in the governance of digital technology.
Alexander Cooley
Alexander Cooley is an affiliate of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and the Claire Tow Professor of Political Science at Barnard...
Norsk forsvarsvilje og forsvarsevne: Hva kan vi lære fra Ukraina?
Hva skaper forsvarsvilje og hvordan vedlikeholdes den? Russlands angrepskrig i Ukraina og hvordan Ukraina har maktet å stå imot gir oss et unikt vindu for å undersøke og forstå disse spørsmålene. I denne rapporten benyttes nylig innsamlede data fra Ukraina for å kartlegge og forstå grunnlaget for Ukrainas forsvarsvilje. Dette gjennomgås i rapportens første del. I den andre delen brukes dataene fra Ukraina til å diskutere hva dette innebærer for norsk forsvarsvilje. Hvilke av erfaringene og lærdommene fra Ukraina er relevante for Norge? Hva er grunnlaget for norsk forsvarsvilje og hvilke utfordringer står Norge ovenfor når forsvarsviljen ikke bare må opprettholdes, men også styrkes?
Resilience and resistance in times of war
What are people willing to do, and to accept, when war becomes everyday life? This seminar will look closer at civilian resilience in Ukraine and what Total Defence will ask of Norway.
Infrastructures in Cyber Conflict and Warfare
Infrastructure has played a foundational yet often underexplored role in cyber conflict and warfare. While typically treated as a backdrop to more prominent analytical concerns, infrastructure is in fact central to the very existence and functioning of the cyber domain, shaping both civilian and military operations. This chapter in De Gruyter Handbook of Cyber Conflict and Warfare surveys the diverse bodies of scholarship that engage with infrastructure in cyber warfare, revealing how different studies conceptualize what infrastructure is and what it does. Aanonsen and Gjesvik identify three overlapping approaches: infrastructure as a target and object of protection; infrastructure as a capability and source of power; and infrastructure as a force that shapes the practices and nature of warfare itself. Despite increasing attention, significant gaps remain in understanding how infrastructures influence cyber conflict. As scholarship moves from theoretical to empirical studies of cyber warfare, investigating the evolving role of infrastructures offers a promising path for future research.