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NUPI skole
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Research project

2025 - 2027 (Ongoing)

Norwegian Security Policy: Strategic Choices and Dilemmas in a Time of Turbulence

The project examines how Russia’s war against Ukraine, increased great power rivalry, and uncertainty among allies are shaping Norwegian security policy, and how Norway should adapt to a more complex and unpredictable threat landscape.

Themes

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The Arctic
  • The Nordic countries

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has changed Norway's immediate security political landscape. The war has also accelerated global trends pointing towards de-globalization and increased power political rivalry. Thus, the war has both direct consequences, such as higher tensions in the north, Finland and Sweden's NATO membership, and indirect consequences, such as Norway becoming more vulnerable to negative changes in global trade, international order, and supply chains. At the same time, the shift in the global economic center of gravity towards Asia and the USA – along with China's increasingly authoritarian and proactive security and foreign policy – creates further challenges for Norway.

There is also significant uncertainty related to our allies. The USA is experiencing deep internal tensions, and a re-election of Donald Trump could lead to challenges for NATO, transatlantic relations, and our bilateral relationship. European allies also face internal economic challenges and political tensions that could affect their security.

Norway has traditionally relied on its geopolitical location as a basis for its security policy. The threat from the east has been a defining factor for the Armed Forces and has formed the foundation for the close bilateral relationship with the USA. This will continue to apply in the foreseeable future – but the question is whether one needs to develop the security policy even more in conjunction with societal security and a complex threat landscape.

This project is financed by the Ministry of Defence.

Project Manager

Karsten Friis
Research Professor

Participants

Ole Martin Stormoen
Researcher
Rolf Tamnes
Professor Emeritus
Gine Lund Bolling
Former employee
Per Erik Solli
Senior Defence Analyst
Mats Berdal
Former employee (part time)
Øyvind Svendsen
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Research Group on Global Order and Diplomacy
John Karlsrud
Research Professor

Articles

Articles
Analysis
Articles
Analysis

Four years of attritional warfare: How NUPI has contributed knowledge on Ukraine and European security

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Humanitarian issues
  • Conflict
  • The EU

New publications

Publications
Publications
Policy brief
John Karlsrud, Yf Reykers

From spending to delivery: Coalition-based governance to scale Europe’s defence industry at speed

Europe’s defence landscape is entering a new and decisive phase – not only in spending, but in how spending is translated into capability. After years of underinvestment, governments are now committing resources at levels once deemed politically impossible, driven by Russia's threat and shifting US priorities. In this brief, we argue that the current model underpinning European defence procurement, production and innovation is ill-suited to a rapidly evolving threat landscape. Instead, Europe needs a governance model built for speed, flexibility and scale.

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Europe
  • The EU
Screenshot 2026-05-21 at 08.47.11.png
  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Europe
  • The EU
Publications
Publications
Report
John Karlsrud, Karsten Friis, Ole Martin Stormoen, Olav Slettebø, Erlend Bjørtvedt

To scenarier for krigen i Ukraina: Hva betyr de for Europa – og hva vil det koste?

Russlands ulovlige angrepskrig i Ukraina har pågått siden 2014, og har ført til store menneskelige og økonomiske tap. Denne studien undersøker de materielle og økonomiske kostnadene for Europa og Norge dersom Russland vinner fram med sin krigføring, versus en situasjon hvor Ukraina igjen bringes på offensiven og tvinger Russland til fredsslutning. Vi tror ikke på noe gjennombrudd for president Trumps forsøk på forhandlinger og en diplomatisk løsning på krigen i Ukraina. Russland har ikke vist reell vilje til kompromiss, og fremsetter fortsatt sine maksimumskrav, som i praksis betyr ukrainsk underkastelse. Krigen vil derfor trolig fortsette som en utmattelseskrig, der de to landenes økonomiske utvikling, og utviklingen ved fronten, vil avgjøre utfallet. Denne rapporten skisserer to mulige scenarier for den videre utvikling i krigen, hvordan de kan bli realisert, og hvilke konsekvenser de kan ha for europeisk sikkerhet og forsvarsbehov. Rapporten sikter mot å illustrere for norske beslutningstakere hvilke grunnleggende økonomiske og sikkerhetspolitiske valg den russiske angrepskrigen i Ukraina utløser, og hvordan ulike utfall i krigen kan påvirke våre egne sikkerhetsbehov og forsvarsutgifter. Situasjonen stiller Europa overfor krav til resolutt handling. Hovedspørsmålene vi stiller i rapporten er hva som skal til for at Russland eller Ukraina seirer militært: Hva koster det Europa og allierte i økt forsvarsinnsats dersom Russland seirer eller lykkes å nøytralisere Ukraina militært og politisk (Scenario 1), og hvilken kostnad det har å gjøre Ukraina i stand til å motstå russiske angrep og gjenvinne muligheten til begrensede motoffensiver (Scenario 2). Rapporten er skrevet av ledende eksperter innen sikkerhetspolitikk, militær doktrine og økonomi. Forfatternes tilknyttede institusjoner er ikke ansvarlige for innholdet, det er forfatterne selv som er ansvarlige for analysen og konklusjonene i rapporten.

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The EU
Screenshot 2025-11-11 at 09.32.34.png
  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • The EU