Jakub M. Godzimirski

Engergy Security in the Baltic Sea Region: Regional coordination and and management of interdependencies

The study maps changing energy relations in the Baltic Sea region in the aftermath of two events – the 2004 EU enlargement that has changed the political and institutional / regulatory landscape of the region and the outbreak of the armed conflict in Ukraine that has put the issue of energy security – and security in more general terms – very high on the European political agenda. It discusses how the regional distribution of energy resources and energy policies have contributed to altering the level of energy security in the whole region and in particular countries, how various actors have addressed energy security concerns by cooperative policies, in particular, EU wide and sub-regional (Nordic, Baltic) coordination measures aimed at managing energy interdependencies and increasing energy security.

Macht aus der Pipeline: Russlands Energiepolitik und die EU

Russland nutzt seine Energieressourcen zu geopolitischen Zwecken. Gazprom ist pro forma ein unabhängiges Unternehmen, de facto aber Mittel zu Zwecken, die der Kreml vorgibt. So werden etwa die Gaspreise für die Nachbarstaaten in Abhängigkeit von der politischen Nähe der jeweiligen Führung zum Kreml festgelegt, und es zeigt sich auch in der Krise zwischen Russland und der Ukraine. Auf dem europäischen Energiemarkt ist die Abhängigkeit von Gas aus Russland aufgrund der Leitungsgebundenheit ein besonders sensibler Aspekt der Energiesicherheit. Die EU wäre gut beraten, für ihre Energiepolitik nach Alternativen zu suchen.

Norwegian gas in Europe: Part of a solution or part of a problem?

Czy UE wyciągnęła wnioski z kryzysu na Ukrainie? Zmiany w rządzeniu w obszarze bezpieczeństwa, energii i migracji

The Power to Influence Europe? Russia’s Grand Gas Strategy, PISM Strategic File 6(69)

As most of Russia’s energy exports go to the European Union, both players are strongly interdependent. For Russia energy resources, especially gas, are viewed as a tool to project power beyond its borders. However, Russia’s room for “gas manoeuvre” is constrained by its own capacities, the gas strategies of other players, and the EU’s ability to project its regulatory power. As Russia’s relations with Europe go beyond purely economic practices, and inevitably have geopolitical overtones, Europe should, in the short-term, try to limit the damage caused by the current application of Russian grand strategy; in the long-term, it should find out how to influence it, to its benefit.

Has the EU Learnt from the Ukraine Crisis? Changes to Security, Energy and Migration Governance

The Russia-Ukraine crisis has not only dramatically changed the EU’s security situation but also poses challenges well beyond the security arena. The conflict between Europe’s main energy supplier and its most important gas transit country has already had an impact on regional energy cooperation. The gas-price dispute between Russia’s Gazprom and Ukraine’s Naftohaz has halted gas deliveries to Ukraine. This in turn has raised fears of potential disruptions of gas supplies to the rest of Europe, putting energy security and solidarity mechanisms in the spotlight. The conflict also has had an obvious humanitarian dimension with the wide displacement of people from areas with fighting. Estimates of these people show many Ukrainians are seeking shelter in the EU. With the beginning of the new legislative cycle, the EU has the chance to respond to these outside events through its own internal logic of action. But have the lessons been fully understood? Is Europe lacking some instruments specific to the current crisis or are the deficiencies more structural? Find out in the new publication by the GoodGov project in which its authors analyse the impact of the Russia-Ukraine crisis on EU security, energy and migration and take a closer look at Poland and Norway, two medium-size countries with different relations with the EU.

What Makes Dialogue and Diplomacy Work or not? Russia – Georgia and Russia – Ukraine