Forsker
John Karlsrud
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Sammendrag
John Karlsrud (PhD) er forsker 1 i Forskningsgruppen for fred, konflikt og utvikling ved NUPI, hvor han jobber med spørsmål relatert til koalisjoners rolle i internasjonal sikkerhet, FNs fredsbevarende styrker og andre mer generelle spørsmål relatert til endring i global styring.
Karlsrud tok doktorgraden ved University of Warwick, og har vært gjesteforsker i regi av Fulbright-programmet Center on International Cooperation ved New York University, og senest ved European University Institute i Firenze. Han har arbeidet i Bosnia og Hercegovina, Tsjad, Palestina (Vestbredden), Norge og USA, og har gjort feltarbeid og hatt kortere oppdrag i Haiti, Irak, Liberia, Mosambik, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Sør-Sudan og Ukraina.
Ekspertise
Utdanning
2010-2013 Ph.D., Politics and Internationals Studies, University of Warwick. Tittel på avhandlingen: Linked Ecologies and Norm Change in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations.
2005 Master, Peace and Conflict Studies / International Affairs med Distinction. Master fra Institute for Graduate Studies in International Affairs, Australian National University og PRIO.
Arbeidserfaring
2010- Seniorforsker på NUPI, leder for Forskningsgruppen for fred, konflikt og utvikling fra oktober 2020.
2015 External Associate, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick September-Desember.
2015 Fulbright gjesteforsker, Center on International Cooperation, New York University Januar-April.
2008-2010 Spesialassistent til generalsekretærens spesialrepresentant, FNs oppdrag i Tsjad og Den sentralafrikanske republikk (MINURCAT), Tsjad.
2006-2008 Analytiker, policy og strategi, Strategic and Regional Initiatives Unit (SRIU), Regional Bureau for Africa (RBA), UNDP New York HQ.
2005-2006 Forsker og assistent for direktøren, Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies (AIS).
2002-2003 Liaison- og operasjonsoffiser for NATO i Bosnia og Hercegovina (BiH), sekondert fra det Norske Forsvaret.
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Norm Change in International Relations: Linked ecologies in UN peacekeeping operations
In recent decades there have been several constructivist scholars who have looked at how norms change in international relations. However few have taken a closer look at the particular strategies that are employed to further change, or looked at the common factors that have been in play in these processes. This book seeks to further the debates by looking at both agency and structure in tandem. It focuses on the practices of linked ecologies (formal or informal alliances),undertaken by individuals who are the constitutive parts of norm change processes and who have moved between international organizations, academic institutions, think tanks, NGOs and member states. The book sheds new light on how norm change comes about, focusing on the practices of individual actors as well as collective ones. The book draws attention to the role of practices in UN peacekeeping missions and how these may create a bottom–up influence on norm change in UN peacekeeping, and the complex interplay between government and UN officials, applied and academic researchers, and civil society activists forming linked ecologies in processes of norm change. With this contribution, the study further expands the understanding of which actors have agency and what sources of authority they draw on in norm change processes in international organizations. A significant contribution to the study of international organizations and UN peacekeeping, as well as to the broader questions of global norms in IR, this work will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations alike.
How can the UN move towards more people-centered peace operations?
Towards More People-Centric Peace Operations: From ‘Extension of State Authority’ to ‘Strengthening Inclusive State-Society Relations
Periods of conflict erode trust between national and local authorities and the people they govern, a trust that needs to be re-established. As peace operations are undertaken by inter-governmental bodies that tend to be inherently state-centric, however, peace operations need to go beyond merely supporting the extension of state-authority and strengthen inclusive state-society relations by supporting and facilitating inclusive processes that can address social cohesion, inequalities and marginalization. In order to support the emergence of resilient societies, these operations must help states and their societies to develop inclusive processes that enable participatory and responsive state institutions that are closely connected to the social institutions in the communities they serve. Furthermore, peace operations are often perceived as being partial to the party in government, while the government of the day often discourages peace operations from engaging with civil society. In the first part of this paper we explain why strengthening inclusive state-society relations is an important issue to address when peace operations are mandated to foster peace processes that can resist relapse. The second half of the paper shifts the attention to how peace operations can enhance and support state-society relations. In addition to monitoring the effect peace operations have on state institutions, operations should monitor how people experience the role and impact of peace operations. This can be assessed in a number of ways, including by involving representative advisory groups from civil society and local communities in assessments, analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation, so as to ensure continuous direct input and feedback from the society on the work of the peace operation.
Karlsrud, John (2015) Peacekeeping. GSDRC Professional Development Reading Pack no. 24. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham.