Russlandskonferansen 2023: Russland og Vesten – en ny virkelighet
Bli med når vi 14. november sparker i gang Russlandskonferansen 2023!
Failing through: European migration governance across the central Mediterranean
En viktig del av Europas eksterne migrasjonspolitikk i Middelhavet, både under Gaddafi og senere, har vært å eksternalisere kontroll med migrasjonsstrømmene gjennom bilaterale samarbeidsavtaler med Libya. På bakgrunn av Libyas demokratiske og institusjonelle utfordringer, de libyske sikkerhetsstyrkenes ofte dårlige beredskap og ikke minst gjentatte dokumenterte overgrep mot migranter har denne politikken vist seg å være både ineffektiv og politisk omstridt. Hvorfor har EU og europeiske medlemsland likevel opprettholdt avtaler med Libya i forsøket på å begrense irregulær migrasjon til Europa? I denne artikkelen argumenterer vi for at EU ved å holde fast ved disse avtalene har ‘failed through’ i forsøket på å håndtere migrasjonskrisen i det sentrale Middelhavet. Sammenbruddet av Libyas statsapparat, Den europeiske menneskerettighetsdomstolens kritikk av Italias ulovlige tilbakeføringer av migranter til Libya og press fra opinionen har periodevis ført til mindre endringer i EUs tilnærming. Men slike endringer har kun vært kortvarige og EUs overordnede og svært restriktive tilnærming til irregulær migrasjon gjennom samarbeid med den libyske kystvakten har ligget fast. Denne utviklingen kan forstås gjennom vårt konsept om failing through, som kombinerer failing forward mekanismen med institusjonell innsikt om stiavhengighet: På grunn av stiavhengighet og mangelen på alternative felles-europeiske løsninger har EU og medlemslandene falt tilbake på allerede eksisterende institusjonelle ordninger, til tross for deres problematiske juridiske, etiske og politiske implikasjoner.
ARENDALSUKA: Russland og Wagner i Afrika: våpen, gull og diamanter
Få med deg denne samtalen om den russiske Wagner-gruppens aktiviteter i Afrika.
Pathways for peace 5th Anniversary European Consultation: Are our concepts and theories of change for inclusion and prevention still relevant for o...
The UN and World Bank published a landmark report in 2018 on “Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict.” The report urged a pivot to prevention, strengthened the business case for prevention initiatives, and highlighted new research on the importance of inclusion in efforts to prevent conflict and build peace. Five years later, the global landscape has changed significantly and is now grappling with a complex set of converging crises and cascading risks. In the context of the report’s 5th anniversary, the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), in partnership with the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs of the United Nations and the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group of the World Bank, arranged a virtual consultation with mostly European-based researchers, practitioners, and policymakers on 4th April 2023. The consultation was part of a series of events that are reflecting on the contribution of the Pathways for Peace report. The overarching question for the consultation was whether the concepts, and theories of change, that was at the core of the Pathways for Peace report - especially inclusion and prevention - are still relevant for our fast changing conflict landscape? This summary note captures the key insights gained from the European Consultation.
UN Peacekeeping Operations in a Multipolar Era
How is multipolarity impacting on UN peacekeeping operations? This article sets out to answer this question by examining the ongoing decline in UN peacekeeping operations and the concurrent rise of regional and ad hoc coalitions in an era of increasing geopolitical competition. The article argues that coalitions have significantly less focus on human rights, international humanitarian law, and the protection of civilians. They thus represent a shift away from the liberal values that have marked UN peacekeeping operations, and are coherent with current geopolitical shifts where China is chipping away at human rights at the UN and African states are increasingly voicing a need for more robust operations. The article concludes that the likely outcome of these trends is a continued decline of UN multidimensional peacekeeping, but that coalitions may receive logistical and administrative support from the UN peace operations machinery.
Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Jemen
Yemen is facing one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world due to a combination of prolonged conflict, economic crisis and recurrent climate change-related natural hazards. These hazards include temperature increases, rising sea levels and changing patterns in rainfall, causing floods, droughts, reduced water availability and soil degradation. Climate change exacerbates vulnerabilities, threatens livelihoods and influences existing conflicts.
Analysis: The military's ambitions dash Sudan's hopes for democracy... Who is to blame, and will the conflict end?
Opinions are divided about who is to blame for the current conflict in Sudan. Is it Al-Bashir for his reliance on armed groups? Or is it the civilian-military structure of the former Sudanese government that concentrated power in the hands of the military? Mother of the West, who failed to impose sanctions on Al-Burhan and Hamidti when they staged a coup against the civilian government in October 2021.