Forsker
John Karlsrud
Kontaktinfo og filer
Sammendrag
John Karlsrud (PhD) er forsker 1 i Forskningsgruppen for fred, konflikt og utvikling ved NUPI, hvor han jobber med spørsmål relatert til koalisjoners rolle i internasjonal sikkerhet, FNs fredsbevarende styrker og andre mer generelle spørsmål relatert til endring i global styring.
Karlsrud tok doktorgraden ved University of Warwick, og har vært gjesteforsker i regi av Fulbright-programmet Center on International Cooperation ved New York University, og senest ved European University Institute i Firenze. Han har arbeidet i Bosnia og Hercegovina, Tsjad, Palestina (Vestbredden), Norge og USA, og har gjort feltarbeid og hatt kortere oppdrag i Haiti, Irak, Liberia, Mosambik, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Sør-Sudan og Ukraina.
Ekspertise
Utdanning
2010-2013 Ph.D., Politics and Internationals Studies, University of Warwick. Tittel på avhandlingen: Linked Ecologies and Norm Change in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations.
2005 Master, Peace and Conflict Studies / International Affairs med Distinction. Master fra Institute for Graduate Studies in International Affairs, Australian National University og PRIO.
Arbeidserfaring
2010- Seniorforsker på NUPI, leder for Forskningsgruppen for fred, konflikt og utvikling fra oktober 2020.
2015 External Associate, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick September-Desember.
2015 Fulbright gjesteforsker, Center on International Cooperation, New York University Januar-April.
2008-2010 Spesialassistent til generalsekretærens spesialrepresentant, FNs oppdrag i Tsjad og Den sentralafrikanske republikk (MINURCAT), Tsjad.
2006-2008 Analytiker, policy og strategi, Strategic and Regional Initiatives Unit (SRIU), Regional Bureau for Africa (RBA), UNDP New York HQ.
2005-2006 Forsker og assistent for direktøren, Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies (AIS).
2002-2003 Liaison- og operasjonsoffiser for NATO i Bosnia og Hercegovina (BiH), sekondert fra det Norske Forsvaret.
Aktivitet
Filter
Tøm alle filtreTechnologies of Peace
Kapittelet utforsker hvilke effekter den digitale revolusjonen og nye informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologier har på fredsbevarende operasjoner og fredsbygging. Kapittelet ser på hvordan digitale og web-baserte informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologier kan benyttes for å forhindre og håndtere voldelig konflikt, støtte opp om inkluderende samfunn og forsikre varig og bærekraftig fred.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of the G5 Sahel Force by Strengthening Strategic Coherence and International Support
G5 Sahel består av Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauretania, Niger og Tsjad. G5 Sahel-styrken er en kontraterrorstyrke som opererer i disse landene med støtte fra FNs fredsbevarende operasjon i Mali (MINUSMA). Rapporten tar for seg hvordan det internasjonale samfunnet kan styrke støtten til styrken, og anbefaler at FN etablerer et støttekontor finansiert fra FNs kjernefinanisering (assessed contributions).
Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Somalia
Somalia er svært utsatt for virkningene av klimaendringer og ekstremvær. Uten forutgående forebygging vil disse faktorene sannsynligvis forverre eksisterende sårbarheter og redusere folks levebrødsmuligheter, som igjen kan ha negative konsekvenser for stabilitet og sikkerhet i Somalia.
Predict and prevent: overcoming early warning implementation challenges in UN peace operations
The UN has made progress in the adoption of new technologies to predict and prevent local violence. To maintain the momentum, it needs to continue to innovate to be able to serve people in need faster, better, and more efficiently. The UN will need to find a way to analyse the enormous amount of data it produces every day. Machine learning to detect patterns in these data and produce early warnings holds great promise in this regard. However, the use of new technologies is not without risk. Collected data can fall into the wrong hands. With budget cuts missions have been forced to reduce their footprint in the field, increasing the reliance on technology. New technology also requires new types of specialist expertise to manage data, and better understanding among all staff of how data should be managed, vetted and put to use. Some have expressed concerns about the use of technologies being at the expense of face-to-face engagements, ultimately resulting in peacekeeping efforts that are divorced from realities on the ground. From a practical point of view, the UN will also have to resolve an uneasy tension between enabling access to these data in order to conduct data-driven early warning analyses on the one hand and the need to prevent any data breaches on the other hand.
United Nations peace operations and International Relations theory: An introduction
FNs fredsoperasjoner har gjennomgått mange endringer i sin tredveårige eksistens. Multidimensjonale fredsoperasjoner har organisert valg, bidratt til levering av humanitær bistand, rådgitt militær- og politireform og kjempet mot rebellgrupper. Fredsoperasjoner representerer ikke bare en sentral pillar i den multilaterale freds- og sikkerhetsarkitekturen, men har også bidratt til å endre livene for millioner av mennesker verden over. Denne boken, redigert av NUPI-forsker John Karlsrud og Kseniya Oksamytna (King's College London) gir det første helhetlige overblikket over forskjellige teoretiske perspektiver på FNs fredsoperasjoner. Boken gir praktiske eksempler på hvordan teorier om internasjonale relasjoner kan forklare utviklingen av forskjellige aktiviteter og samtidig demonstrerer den hvordan tematiske områder som beskyttelse av sivile, lokalt eierskap og kjønnsbalanse kan dra nytte av teoretisk utforskning. Med innsiktsfulle bidrag fra en rekke internasjonale forskere er boken et viktig verktøy for forskere, studenter og eksperter som jobber med fred og sikkerhet så vel som internasjonalt samarbeid.
Doing Less With More? The Difficult ‘Return’ of Western Troop Contributing Countries to United Nations Peacekeeping
FNs fredsbevarende operasjon i Mali - MINUSMA - har av mange forskere blitt beskrevet som 'retur' av vestlige troppebidragsytere til FNs fredsbevarende operasjoner i Afrika. Denne rapporten tar for seg hvorvidt det faktisk kan beskrives som en 'retur' og om disse styrkene har klart å styrke effektiviteten til MINUSMA og til FNs fredsbevarende operasjoner generelt.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Mission in Mali
Until 2016 MINUSMA managed to strengthen stability in northern Mali, decreasing the number of civilians killed in the conflict, and allowing large numbers of displaced persons to return home. MINUSMA also assisted the peace process, culminating in the 2015 Algiers Agreement. Many of these achievements are still standing. However, since 2016 MINUSMA’s effectiveness in terms of stabilisation and the protection of civilians has decreased. In the North, the signatory parties have been making slow progress in the implementation of the Algiers Agreement and the 2018 Pact for Peace. In addition, central Mali has destabilised significantly, as Jihadist activities have stoked a vicious cycle of inter-communal violence that has reached unprecedented levels. MINUSMA has only been mandated to help the Malian government address the situation since June 2018. As one of the largest multidimensional peacekeeping operations – currently including nearly 13,000 soldiers and 1,800 police officers from 57 contributing countries, and almost 750 civilians – MINUSMA has been provided with significant resources and an extraordinarily ambitious mandate. However, the Mission finds itself at a crossroads. It needs time to succeed, but this is valuable time Mali does not have. Civilians have come under increasing attack, and the US, in particular, is losing interest in supporting a costly UN peace operation that is not able to deliver quick results. This report considers the degree to which there is an alignment between the mission’s resources and its mandate. It also makes an assessment of the options available to the Mission to increase its effectiveness in the face of extremely challenging circumstances.
United Nations Stabilization Operations: Chapter Seven and a Half
The UN Security Council has in recent years included the term ‘stabilization’ in the name of the operations deployed to Haiti, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali and Central African Republic. But, are they stabilization operations? Although the concept has become increasingly popular in the UN context, it seems to denote everything from robust military action to early peacebuilding activities, and for this reason the UN high-level independent panel on peace operations in 2015 recommended to avoid the concept until it was further clarified. To contribute to this clarification, the article follows two main lines of inquiry—first it unpacks the different meanings of stabilization in UN peace operations by drawing upon the experiences of current UN stabilization missions such as MONUSCO in the DRC and MINUSMA in Mali. Based on this inquiry, it argues that what we are witnessing is cognitive slippage—where a broad range of unrelated activities are gathered under the same concept as a discursive tool to get financial and political support from Western partners. Second, the article ventures on to examine how the center of gravity of international interventions has moved on to a prevalence of ad-hoc coalitions undertaking counterterrorism operations, and what impact this has on UN peace operations, and in particular the understanding of stabilization in these. It argues that these missions could be termed Chapter seven and a half operations as they combine UN peace operations under Chapter VII mandates with the inclusion of regional ad hoc coalitions of the willing.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Mission in Mali (MINUSMA)
This report assesses the extent to which the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) is achieving its current strategic objectives, and the impact the Mission has had on the political and security situation in Mali. Until 2016 MINUSMA managed to strengthen stability in northern Mali, decreasing the number of civilians killed in the conflict, and allowing large numbers of displaced persons to return home. MINUSMA also assisted the peace process, culminating in the 2015 Algiers Agreement. Many of these achievements are still standing. However, since 2016 MINUSMA’s effectiveness in terms of stabilisation and the protection of civilians has decreased. In the North, the signatory parties have been making slow progress in the implementation of the Algiers Agreement and the 2018 Pact for Peace. In addition, central Mali has destabilised significantly, as Jihadist activities have stoked a vicious cycle of inter-communal violence that has reached unprecedented levels. MINUSMA has only been mandated to help the Malian government address the situation since June 2018. As one of the largest multidimensional peacekeeping operations – currently including nearly 13,000 soldiers and 1,800 police officers from 57 contributing countries, and almost 750 civilians – MINUSMA has been provided with significant resources and an extraordinarily ambitious mandate. However, the Mission finds itself at a crossroads. It needs time to succeed, but this is valuable time Mali does not have. Civilians have come under increasing attack, and the US, in particular, is losing interest in supporting a costly UN peace operation that is not able to deliver quick results. This report considers the degree to which there is an alignment between the mission’s resources and its mandate. It also makes an assessment of the options available to the Mission to increase its effectiveness in the face of extremely challenging circumstances.
Norms and Practices in UN Peacekeeping: Evolution and Contestation
The four articles in this special section focus on norms in UN peacekeeping (gender, impartiality, human rights, and environmentalism) and how they are implemented in practice. They look at the evolution of these norms over time; take an explicit theoretical perspective (feminist institutionalism, norm contestation, and securitization); and report the results of original field research in Rwanda, South Sudan, and New York UN headquarters. The articles present a coherent narrative because they all look at practices either explicitly or implicitly, often at the mundane everyday level among troops or UN staff. But the focus on everyday experiences should not betray their theoretical importance: each of the articles uses this empirical material to better understand and theorize international relations. Georgina Holmes provides us with micro-study of norm implementation on the individual level with her bottom-up study of training of female military peacekeepers. Marion Laurence reveals how legitimating practices are changing in tandem with the changing understanding of the impartiality norm. Emily Paddon Rhoads analyzes impartiality as a composite norm and unpacks its procedural and substantive dimensions to reveal how human rights and protection are being privileged to the detriment of a more political understanding of impartiality. Lucile Maertens is forcing us to examine the causal chain of securitization theory by showing how security is shaped by environmentalization.