ASEAN’s energy transition: how to attract more investment in renewable energy
The energy transition is progressing slowly in the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). To achieve ASEAN’s target of 23% renewables in the primary energy supply by 2025, the region would need to invest USD 27 billion in renewable energy every year. However, the ASEAN countries attracted no more than USD 8 billion annually from 2016 to 2021. Through a comparative review of three key factors for attracting investment—renewable energy legislation, energy governance reform, and general conditions for investors—this study examines why the region’s renewable energy sector has not attracted more capital. The contribution of the article is threefold. First, it develops a new review model for assessing the business climate for renewable energy in any country. Second, it offers an update on the state of renewable energy deployment in the ASEAN countries. Third, taking into account international best practices, it identifies the obstacles and solutions to attracting investment in renewable energy in Southeast Asia. The article finds that carbon lock-in is pervasive, regulatory practices have been copy-pasted from the fossil-fuel sector to the renewables sector, and, except for Malaysia and Vietnam, no ASEAN country has implemented a major pro-renewable energy governance reform. Certain advanced renewable energy measures, such as auctions and feed-in tariffs, have been adopted in some member states, but the institutional capacity to implement them is limited. The share of renewables in the energy governance system needs to be increased.
International Cooperation in the Arctic 2035 – The Four Scenarios
The Arctic has always fascinated people; its history, its present, and its future. The future of the Arctic has increasingly become a subject of academic research and the application of scenario methodology. Scenarios can be defined as pro- spective storytelling (Schoemaker, 1993), presenting a set of plausible, contrasting images of the future (Schatzmann et al., 2013), and indicating what alternative futures might look like (Amer et al., 2013). Studies offering scenarios of future development of the Arctic include Brigham (2007), Myllylä et al. (2016), Lazariva et al. (2021), Petrov et al. (2021), Haavisto et al. (2016), and Bourmistrov et al. (2015); see also the chapter by Krivorotov in this volume. The farther we look ahead, the more uncertain the future appears. There can never be full consensus on what major trends and driving forces will have the greatest impact on the future. But precisely for this reason, any kind of structured thought experiment, such as scenario development, is valuable and can add new knowledge and shared understanding.
Islamist Social Movements and Hybrid Regime Types in the Muslim World
Siden Den arabiske våren i 2010-2011, og påfølgende kontrarevolusjoner, har sosioøkonomiske og politiske kriser inntruffet hyppigere og hyppigere i Det arabiske Midtøsten, Nord-Afrika og Sahel. Målet med vårt spesialnummer er å undersøke hvordan og hvorfor sosiale bevegelser som bruker referanser til islam eller et eksplisitt islamistisk rammeverk har tilpasset sin ideologi og sin verktøykasse for å navigere det nye sosiale og politiske terrenget disse omveltningene har skapt? I denne artikkelen foreslår vi et rammeverk for å forstå den økende politiske volatiliteten og hybriditeten i Den islamske verdenen og hvordan dette påvirker hvilke valgmuligheter islamske sosiale bevegelser står ovenfor. De ulike forfatterne av artiklene i dette spesialnummeret analyserer derfor tilfeller av islamistiske sosiale bevegelser som skifter, eller forsøker å skifte, fra ett repertoar til et annet - fra transnasjonalt til nasjonalt, fra ikke-voldelig til voldelig eller omvendt. Samlingen viser at sosiale bevegelser tilpasser seg på forskjellige måter og benytter seg av ressursene som er tilgjengelige for dem, og til tider beveger seg langt utover deres etablerte ideologi og tradisjonelle teologiske referanser.
Britain and the world
Guest lecture about Britain in the world - historically and today.
Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Somalia
Somalia opplever sin verste tørke på over fire tiår. Hyppigere og mer intense flom og tørker gir næring til konkurranse om naturressurser, noe som forverrer spenninger og sårbarheter i samfunnet. I kombinasjon med tiår med konflikt og ustabilitet utgjør klimaendringene en alvorlig utfordring for fred og sikkerhet.
A nuclear future and the evolution of the military dynamic on the Korean peninsula
North Korea’s nuclear program continues unabated and there is little prospect of a resolution to this seemingly intractable issue. The Kim regime, contrary to international law, is developing and testing a series of new missile and nuclear capabilities including more survivable missiles and tactical nuclear weapons that are increasingly difficult to defend against. At the same time, South Korea is investing in a series of conventional capabilities aimed at deterring and defending a North Korean nuclear attack. Consequently, there is increasing concern in the policy and academic discourse about strategic stability on the Korean Peninsula.
No clear exit for SAMIM in Mozambique
The SADC Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) has been extended multiple times, and violence continues to affect the northern regions of the country in spite of the presence of thousands of troops, with no clear exit for SAMIM in sight. These were some of the findings of a recent seminar entitled Examining the Effectiveness of a New Generation of African Peace Operations, hosted by the Security Institute for Governance and Leadership in Africa (SIGLA), the Effectiveness of Peace Operations Network (EPON) and the Training for Peace (TfP) Programme.